Faatulagaga o DNA tagata

O le i ai o le ola i mataupu e tatau i le afioaga o acids nucleic. faaesea muamua F. Miescher nei mea mai nuclei leukocyte (1869). Mulimuli ane na maua i latou i le sela o le uma o le ola meaola (tagata, manu, laau toto, siama ma siama).

acid Nucleic - nucleoproteins vaega prostatic. O le hydrolysis o le acids nucleic maua nofoaga autu o nitrogenous (adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil ma thymine), pentoses (deoxyribose, ribose), ma phosphate acid. Ona o le tuufaatasiga biochemical, acids nucleic faavasegaina i deoxyribonucleic (DNA) ma acid ribonucleic (RNA). Le faatulagaga DNA o tagata e aofia ai deoxyribose, i RNA - ribose. O nei acids e ese i le fausaga molecular, tuufaatasiga faavae nitrogenous, localization feaveai, ma o le mea moni, galuega tauave. molecule Biosoedineniya lea e aofia ai se purine po pyrimidine faavae ma monosaccharides (ribose po deoxyribose), valaauina nucleosides. fuafuaina nucleoside Igoa faavae nitrogenous, lea o loo aofia ai i totonu. Lea, o se nucleoside e aofia ai i totonu o lona fausaga o molecule adenine ua taʻua adenosine, thymine - thymidine, uracil - uridine, cytosine - cytidine, guanine - guanosine. E faalagolago i monosaccharides (pentoses) e faapea o se vaega o le molecules iloa ribonucleosides ma deoxyribonucleosides.

Tagata DNA - o le faavae vailaau o genes, lea o lo oi ai le faamatalaga tau kenera o se tino. Faasa e matele i le nuclei o sela, sili i le chromosomes. I le taimi o loo faia hydrolysis o nucleotides DNA: dezoksiadenilovaya (A) dezoksiguanilovaya (T) dezoksitsitidilovaya (U) ma thymidylic (T) acids. O nisi taimi nucleotides ua iloa mai i le tuufaatasiga i aofaiga laiti isi pogai o purines ma pyrimidines - o le faavae laiti: 5-oksimetiltsitozin (i le bacteriophages), 5-methylcytosine (i le aano o le tino o le thymus), ma isi. ua fesootai Nucleotides i se filifili polynucleotide (DNA) faia hydroxyl tatau alalaupapa okesene - totoe o phosphate acid o se tasi nucleotide ma le vaega hydroxyl i le carbon lona tolu o le totoe lona lua o deoxyribose atomu nucleotide.

O le nofoaga e faasologa nucleotide molecule DNA suesuega faaletagata e sequencing (Engl seguence -. O le suesueina o le faasologa). Mo lenei faamoemoe, o le masini sequencer o loo faavae i luga o komepiuta iloiloga o le tulaga seti faasologa nucleotide (e oo atu i le selau iunite tau).

O le aofai o nucleotides i molecules DNA o tagata o 25 000 - 35 000 pe sili atu, ma le mamafa molecular o -. Mai se nai miliona e 2-5 piliona DNA molecules mafai ona "vaai" i le mikerosekope electron. O le aofaiga atoatoa o le ituaiga e fa o nucleotides (A, G, C ma T) i le eseese molecules DNA eseese tupuaga i Atumauga lautele.

O le faatulagaina autu o DNA

Crick ma D. Watson i le 1953, faatu se o le molecule acid deoxyribonucleic o se filifili lua polynucleotide helix, taaviliga o siomia ai lona au. foliga tutusa ma loloʻu a staircase matuai faatupulaia le leaga, lea nofoaafi faia toega deoxyribose phosphorus-Eteru fesootai noataga o le ituaiga 3 - 5, ma laasaga - faavae nitrogen. Adenine e fesootai i noataga hydrogen ma thymine, guanine - ma cytosine. e mafai ona faafeomaʻi ma faaloaloa Configuration acid deoxyribonucleic. o le faatulagaga lona lua DNA lenei. O nisi bacteriophages maua DNA molecule nofofua. Mo molecule acid deoxyribonucleic fausaga uiga lona lua ma le maualuluga, lea ua faia e le faatasiga faalua paʻulia ma pepa lapotopoto o DNA ma spiralizirovannyh superspiralizirovannyh faavaega mulimuli ane ma fausaga.