Cyclic hydrocarbons faatumulia: pe faapefea ona latou sauniuniga. cycloalkanes

I lenei mataupu o le a tatou vaai i le mauaina o cycloalkanes ma vala o latou fausaga. Ia tatou taumafai e faamatala atu le meatotino uiga o nei mea, e faavae i luga o le vaega o lo latou fausaga.

fausaga

E amata ai ona iloilo le faatulagaga o le fai mai le vasega o hydrocarbons faatulagaina. ua vaevaeina tuufaatasi cyclic uma i ituaiga carbocyclic ma heterocyclic.

O le vaega lona lua o totonu o se atoms carbon matasele tolu tapuni. Heterocyclic lava tuufaatasi isi nai lo carbon i latou molecules loo i ai foi teio, okesene, phosphorus, nitrogen.

E i ai vaega carbocyclic tuufaatasi o ituaiga laau manogi ma mea alicyclic.

mea alicyclic

E aofia ai cycloalkanes. Vailaau meatotino ma sauniuniga o nei mea ua fuafuaina tonu lava e se fausaga tapunia o lenei vasega o hydrocarbons.

Alicyclic valaauina i latou mea lea e tasi po o le sili taamilosaga natura lē ituaiga laau manogi. Sauniuniga ma le Faaaogaina o cycloalkanes ua manatu i le tulaga o lo latou sootaga i le lotoa alicyclic.

faʻavasegaga

Le sui faigofie o lenei vasega o hydrocarbons o cyclopropane. I lona faatulagaga na atoms carbon tolu. Sui o le faasologa homologous ua valaauina, e le gata, ma paraffins. Tusa ma o latou meatotino vailaau ma le faaletino e tutusa hydrocarbons faatumulia. O le molecules o loo nofofua noataga faia orbitals hybrid. O le cycloalkanes ituaiga o hybridization sp3.

Le tuufaatasiga atoa faaalia e le fua faatatau vasega SnN2n. O nei tuufaatasi e interclass isomers hydrocarbons ethylenic.

E tusa ai ma le nomenclature faava o malo i le taimi nei o le suia, ma o le igoa o le sui o le vasega e faaopoopo atu i le pito i luma "cyclo" i le numera talafeagai o atoms hydrocarbon. O lea la, mo se faataitaiga, maua cyclohexane, cyclopentane. Fetaui tonu ai e maua ai le suafa nomenclature mo le aofai o tapunia vaega methylene CH2. Ona o lenei, o le a taua i trimethylene cyclopropane ma cyclobutane - tetramethylene.

Mo lenei vasega o tuufaatasi faatulagaina faamatalaina i le isomerism faatulagaga e faatatau i le aofaiga o atoms carbon i le mama, ma isomerism opitika.

aoaoga filifiliga

O lenei mafaufau pe faapefea ona mauaina. e mafai ona maua Cycloalkanes i le tele o auala, e faalagolago i le ituaiga o a amata mea e filifilia mo le suiga vailaau. O le a tatou iloiloina le autu filifiliga tuufaatasia paraffin.

O lea, o le a latou maua? Cycloalkanes faia e cyclization diagalogenproizvodnyh hydrocarbons faatumulia. E faapena foi gaosia chemically mama e fa ma le tolu membered. Mo se faataitaiga, cyclopropane. Ia tatou mafaufau i lona sauniuniga - cycloalkanes, o le sui muamua o le faasologa homologous ua faia i le gaoioiga o le apamemea magnesium po o le metala paʻepaʻe digalogenproizvodnuyu tutusa alkane.

Ma le auala e mafai ona e fausia ai se lima membered ma le ono-membered tuufaatasi cyclic, o le faagasologa o lo latou mauaina? Cycloalkanes ma o le toatele atoms carbon i le faatulagaga e fatu ai se nai faigata, talu ai ona o le conformation o se faafitauli i le cyclization o le molecule. Lenei aafiaga matautia ua mafua ona o feauauaʻii saoloto o le F-C, lea e matua faaititia ai le avanoa o le lotoa cyclic. Mo le faatuina o nei sui cycloalkanes pei amata mea o le 1,2- po 1,3-digalogenproizvodnye tutusa alkane.

I totonu o le auala faagasologa tuufaatasia paraffin ma foi iloa decarboxylation o acids dicarboxylic ma masima ai. saunia e lima ma cycloalkanes ono membered totoʻoga intermolecular.

I auala patino mo lo latou faavaeina taʻua le tali i le va o alkenes ma carbenes, ma le toefuataiina oxygenated pogai tsiklosoedineny.

meatotino vailaau

auala e mafai ai mea uma o le maua cycloalkanes ma o latou fegalegaleaiga ua fuafuaina e le peculiarities o fausaga vailaau. Tuuina atu i le afioaga o se fausaga cyclic, i totonu o meatotino autu o le tali vailaau o filifilia sootaga cycloalkanes hydrogen (hydrogenation), ona aveesea (dehydration).

Mo le tali e faaaoga ai se vaega taua, e pei o platinum, e mafai ona galue palladium. E tali i se vevela maualuga, e faalagolago lona taua i le tele mama. Le gaoioiga i luga o le molecule hydrocarbon cyclic e UV irradiation, e mafai ona tali chlorination (faaopoopo chlorine).

E pei uma sui o tuufaatasi faatulagaina, cycloalkane e mafai ona ia ulu atu i le tali combustion, e fausia ai karaponi carbon tuanai ai o le tali, ausa vai. O lenei uiga faaalia e faatatau i le faagasologa exothermic talu ona tuuina atu faatasi ma le faamatuu atu o lava le vevela.

iʻuga

ua tapunia Paraffins tuufaatasi hydrocarbon maua mai digalogenproizvodnyh alkanes po o isi tuufaatasi faatulagaina. Vala o latou fausaga fuafuaina faavae meatotino vailaau cycloalkanes, latou talosaga. Faapitoa e faaaoga i latou i le tuufaatasia faatulagaina e maua tuufaatasi faatulagaina oxygenated.