Faatumulia hydrocarbons: uiga aoao, isomers, meatotino vailaau

Hydrocarbons - le vasega faigofie o mea faatulagaina, o le molecules e na o le atoms lua o elemene vailaau - carbon ma hydrogen. O metotia eseese hydrocarbon e tuufaatasia vailaau saunia sili vasega o tuufaatasi faatulagaina.

ua vaevaeina hydrocarbons i subclasses lua - acyclic ma cyclic. E acyclic hydrocarbons, po o hydrocarbons puta pe hydrocarbons aliphatic, e aofia ai vaega nei: hydrocarbons faatumulia (alkanes), unsaturated (alkenes, alkynes, dienes), terpenes acyclic. O vaega hydrocarbon cyclic sui cycloparaffins, aotelega o vaega ma terpenes cyclic. o nisi taimi e taʻua ai o Terpenes le faamoemoega o le suesueina o le kemisi bioorganic.

hydrocarbons faatumulia (alkanes) - lotoa o carbon ma molecules hydrogen lea uma valency totoe ina ua mavae le sootaga i le va atoms carbon e fusi e tasi, ua faatumulia atoms carbon o Hydrogen. e mafai ona manatu uma alkanes pei homologues po o le pogai o methane. Afai methane, lea ei ai se fua faatatau molecular o CH4, toese tasi atomu hydrogen ua faia e vaega - māeʻa CH3. Ona o le mea moni e faapea i le molecule o se mea faatulagaina pei carbon e masani tetravalent, sootaga o radicals e lua ua mafua ai le foliga mai o se sui lona lua o le faasologa homologous - ethane (C2H6). Afai ethane mai le ave se tasi o atomu Hydrogen, ua faia e se ethyl māeʻa, lea, ina ua uma ona avea ma sootaga i le homolog lona tolu CH3 - alu i le kesi.

Iloiloina fuafaatatau fausaga alu i le kesi, faigofie e le faatuina, o le fausaga o lona molecule e aofia ai ituaiga e lua o atoms carbon - muamua ma lona lua. Taitasi atomu autu carbon noatia i se tasi atomu carbon o se tasi o ona valency, ma lona lua - lua valencies e atoms lua carbon. Afai e toesea mai le atomu autu carbon o alu i le kesi Hydrogen, propyl autu e maua mai lona lua - propyl lona lua. Auai i le autu po o bromide lua propyl mafua ai le faavaeina o fesuiaiga fausaga o le homolog fa. Lua fesootaiga ua faia - saʻo butane masani ma filifili carboxylic isobutane branched filifili carbon.

hydrocarbons faatumulia: fausaga

O se sui masani o alkanes o methane. fua faatatau Molecular CH4. Mo molecules o alkanes o fusi sigma masani. O le molecule o methane carbon atomu avea ma fa noataga covalent ona o se tolu s- ma p-orbitals ma a atomu hydrogen taitasi, - ona o le s-orbitals.

hydrocarbons faatumulia: nomenclature ma isomerism

Pe a mou atu, o le fuafaatatau o le faatulagaga o le faasologa homologous o methane, butane C4H10 talu tatou te fetaiai i le aafiaga matautia o isomerism. Mo se faataitaiga, ia feiloai fuafaatatau molecular C4H10 S5N12 tuufaatasi o tagata taitoatasi e lua - tolu. Mulimuli ane, o le aofai o isomers i le aofai o atoms carbon i le molecule o se faateleina alkane. Mo se faataitaiga, fua faatatau molecular S6N14 feiloai o faiga fausaga lima ma tuufaatasi o tagata taitoatasi, i lena faasologa, S7N16 - 9, S8N18 - 18, C10H22 - 76 S12N26 - 355. O le uluai alkanes sui fa - kasa mai le lima i le sefulu ma le lua - suavai, talu mai le sefulu ono - solids .

meatotino vailaau o hydrocarbons faatumulia

saturates mea inert uma. o lenei mea e faapea o le molecules o alkanes o carbon ma atoms hydrogen fesootai noataga sigma, o lea nei tuufaatasi e le mafai ona faapipii atoms hydrogen. Alkanes tali māeʻa halogenation, nitration, cleavage. I le taimi o halogenation halogens faigofie atoms suia i se molecule o alkane Hydrogen. A nitriding nitro faigofie ona suia mo hydrogen i le iunivesite, faigata - i le atomu carbon lona lua ma le autu.

Faatumuina ma hydrocarbons unsaturated o le mea e masani ona maua mo le tuuina atu mea faatulagaina eseese. Vaeluaina ese atoms hydrogen mai le hydrocarbons faatumulia mafai ona maua unsaturated (alkenes, alkynes).