Masima chlorate

O le a chlorate potassium?

Le masima potassium o acid chloric (o se tasi o le acids o loo i ai-okesene fa faia e chlorine: hypochlorous - HClO, chlorous - HClO2, chloric - HClO3 ma perchloric - HClO4) e masani ona taʻua o chlorate potassium, fua faatatau - KClO3. O lenei masima i foliga faatusa taʻega tioata (colorless), lea e lē lelei le soluble i le vai (i le 20 ° C i le 100 cm3 o vai faaleaogaina na 7.3 g masima), ae ma le faateleina o le vevela o le faateleina solubility. O se tasi o lona igoa lauiloa - bertoletova masima. O le mea mamafa molecular o 122,55 amu, density - 2,32 g / cm3. Le masima melts i le 356 ° C, e decomposes i le tusa ma le 400 ° C.

O le tatalaina o chlorate potassium

Mo le taimi muamua (i le 1786) o potassium chlorate sa kemisi Farani Klod Bertolle. E misia chloro ala fofo hydroxide potassium vevela taulai. Tali faaupuga, e ala lea o le masima e faapea: 3Cl2 + 6KOH → 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O. O se taunuuga o lenei gaoioiga o precipitates chlorate potassium o se sinasina mautu. Talu ai o le lelei soluble i le vai malulu, e faigofie ona vavae ese mai le isi masima i ua cooled le fofo. Talu mai lona amata bertoletova masima o le oloa sili ona taatele ma le aoga o le chlorate uma. Le taimi nei e gaosia KClO3 i luga o se fua tau alamanuia.

meatotino vailaau

masima Chlorate - a oxidizer malosi. E ala i le tali atu i faasagatonu acid hydrochloric (HCl) faasoasoa chlorine saoloto. o loo faamatalaina ai lenei faagasologa e ala i le faaupuga tali vailaau: 6HCl + KClO3 → 3Cl ↑ + KCl + 3 H2O. E pei uma chlorates, o matua oona lenei mea. I se faiga uʻamea lagolago malosi KClO3 combustion. Le paluga faigofie mea oxidizable (faaitiitia sui) e pei o le teio, phosphorus, suka ma isi chlorate potassium mea faatulagaina explodes e aafiaga po o eseesega. O le lagonaina o nei aafiaga e faaleleia atili i le afioaga o le masima ammonium ma bromates. I lalo o le agamalu (faʻavevela i le 60 ° C) sa saunia le oxidation o chlorate potassium mai karaponi oxalic chlorine acid, o le tupe maua faagasologa e tusa ai ma le faamatalaga tali: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O + 2ClO2. monoxide Chlorine maua talosaga i bleaching ma sterilization o mea eseese (pepa falaoamata ma isi pulp), ma e mafai foi ona faaaogaina e obesfenolivaniya suavai leaga laau vailaau.

O le faaaogaina o chlorate potassium

Masima chlorate bertoletova uma e sili ona lautele faaaogaina. E faaaoga i le gaosia o dyes, afitusi (faia fetaui ulu mea combustible, mea mata ua iai sina potassium chlorate tu 6-18-24-84), mea faʻapapa, disinfectant, karaponi chlorine. Ona o le tulaga matautia maualuga o fatuga ma chlorate potassium, o loo latou lē O lona faaaoga i le gaosia o mea papa mo faamoemoega tau alamanuia ma militeli. Lava seasea e faaaoga chlorate potassium e pei o le amataina mea papa. O nisi taimi e faaaoga i pyrotechnics e gauai fatuga tsvetnoplamennye. Muamua masima faaaogaina i vailaau: fofo vaivai o lenei mea (KClO3) mo nisi taimi ua faaaoga e avea o se vaimanuʻa mo gargling autu. Leki i le senituri lona 20 anamua, sa faaaogaina e maua ai le okesene i lalo o tuutuuga falesuesue, ae ona o le na faamutaina tulaga matautia o le suesuega.

Sauniuniga o chlorate potassium

O se tasi o auala nei: e chlorination o potassium hydroxide o se taunuuga o le tali o fesuiaiga o tupe ma isi masima o chlorates, oxidation electrochemical i fofo aqueous o chlorides uamea - e mafai ona maua bertoletova masima. Sauniuniga o ona fua tau alamanuia e masani lava ona faatinoina e se hypochlorite tali disproportionation (hypochlorous masima acid). faiga faatekinolosi faagasolo ese. I le tele o tulaga, o loo faavae i luga o le tali i le va o kalisiu chloride ma chlorate potassium: CA (ClO3) 2 + 2KCl → 2KClO3 + CaCl2. Ona bertoletova masima e maua mai le tina o le ava e crystallization faasoasoa. Foi na saunia chlorate potassium e ala i le auala fesuiai Berthollet le electrolysis o potassium chloride: gaosia e electrolysis ua tali ma chloro hydroxide potassium, o le taunuuga o hypochlorite potassium KClO mulimuli e disproportionation o potassium chlorate KClO3 ma le puna o le potassium chloride KCl.

O le decomposition o chlorate potassium

I se vevela o le tusa ma le 400 ° C le decomposition o chlorate potassium. O se taunuuga, o le okesene ma perchlorate potassium: 4KClO3 → KCl + 3KClO4. O le laasaga e sosoo ai o decomposition tupu i se vevela o le 550 i le 620 ° C: KClO4 → 2O2 ↑ + KCl. I catalysts (e mafai ona latou avea oxide apamemea CuO, o se oxide uʻamea (III) Fe2O3 oxide po manganese (IV) MnO2) decomposition tupu i le vevela maualalo (150 i le 300 ° C) ma i le laasaga e tasi: 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2.

faiga saogalemu

Bertoletova masima o vailaau mea papa mautu lea e mafai ona pa, ma musuia, teuina (f.t.t., e latalata i le reductants luga o le fata e tasi i le fale suesue po o se potu 'oloa) milling po o isi gaoioiga. e mafai ona tupu ai le pa manua po o le oti e mulimuli ai. O le mea lea, i le tuuina atu, faaaogaina, e tatau ona feiloai le teuina po o le felauaiga o chlorate potassium le manaoga o le Malo Tulafono 116. Fale o le faatulagaina o nei taualumaga e faasino i nofoaga tau alamanuia matautia.