Hydrocarbons o ituaiga laau manogi, o le sui autu ma o latou talosaga i le tamaoaiga o le atunuu.

hydrocarbons o ituaiga laau manogi (e ese taʻua arenes) - biosoedineniya e molecules faatulagaina o ia ua i ai se tasi po o le sili taamilosaga o atoms ono o carbon. Benzene mama, faamatalaina e faapitoa meatotino faaletino ma vailaau. O le igoa "Malae" na aofia ai i le kemisi faatulagaina ma aoao i le 18 tuai - senituri lona 19 vave. O nei mea e aofia ai lea ei ai le lua tuufaatasi vailaau - Hydrogen ma carbon ma sa a manogi manaia (resins, balsams, taua suauu, mea manogi). Le aluga o taimi, o le igoa "hydrocarbons o ituaiga laau manogi" leiloa lona taua, talu aromatics feiloai faatasi ai ma isi vasega o tuufaatasi faatulagaina, ma o le tele o ituaiga laau manogi po o se manogi lelei. na faaesea benzene mo le taimi muamua i le senituri lona 19 vave mai le kasa koale. A itiiti mulimuli ane (1845) AF allocates Hoffman hydrocarbons o ituaiga laau manogi (benzene) mai tar koale. I nei aso vasega Arenes (IUPAC faavasegaina) tuufaatasia tuufaatasi faavae molecules ei ai benzelnye autu. Lea o loo tuueseeseina tuufaatasi e i nofofua ma eseese mama, e pei foi o le hydrocarbons o ituaiga laau manogi ma nuclei condensed.

Mononuclear malae - e tuufaatasi faatulagaina ua i ai se tasi mama benzene. O le faatulagaina o benzene molecules arenes masani sui fua faatatau sili ona Kekule ua faaalia e avea o se faataamilosaga o le ono atoms Carbo, lea ua fesootai e fesuisuiaʻi e faigofie F-C ma le C = F noataga lua. sa faamauina lenei faatulagaga i aso nei iloiloga physico-vailaau.

malamalamaaga autu Kekule o le fausaga o benzene o: 1) ei ai le faatulagaga o hexagonal mama benzene; 2) benzelnom mama esti tolu faigofie ma noataga lua tolu; 3) O le ono atoms Carbo i luga o le mama benzene e tutusa o le tasi i le isi. O le fua faatatau ua faaalia ai le tuufaatasiga elemental o benzene, ma o le fua faatusatusa Carbo atoms Hydrogen i le molecule, mo le leai o monosubstituted isomers o pogai benzene.

e fai lava si salalau hydrocarbons o ituaiga laau manogi i le natura. O i latou o se vaega taua o le ta koale ua maua ina ua uma distillation matutu o le koale. o malae vaega o le tele o ituaiga o suauu ma isi oloa faalenatura (resins, balsams, ma isi). I le taimi o distillation matutu koale i averesi maua mo le tusa o le tolu pasene tar koale, po o le ta le koale. Ma mai koale tar e distillation fractional ua saunia le tele o vaega ninii: a suauu malamalama (e aofia xylenes, toluene, benzene, thiophene), suauu carbolic (aofia cresols, phenols ma naphthalene), suauu creosote (o loo naphthalene) suauu anthracene (loo phenanthrene, anthracene ma isi aotelega o vaega maualuga), ma pitch ua faaaogāina mo auala e faafaigofie ai ma o se mea e fausiaina.

O le faaaogaina o hydrocarbons ituaiga laau manogi. e faamatalaina benzene e se manogi faapitoa, O lona insoluble i le vai. O le a mafai ona totogi aitalafu lelei mo biosoedineny faatulagaina. Synthesized mai tar koale. Benzene - o se mea mata taua mo le tuuina atu o dyes, vailaau, mea papa, laau faalauiloaina tuputupu ae, herbicides, insecticides, ma isi

Toluene e faigofie soluble i solvents faatulagaina. Saunia mai koale ta, faapea foi ma togi nisi o le suauu. Synthesized mai toluene ava malosi benzene, benzaldehyde, acid benzoic, dyes, vailaau, saccharin, trinitrotoluene.

Xylitol lelei solvents faatulagaina. Saunia mai le suauu koale, e pei foi i fractional distillation o tā le koale. Mai xylenes synthesized anhydride phthalic, xylene, polyester rayon. O nisi taimi e faaopoopo xylenes e penisini.